Sometimes we call everything ‘bullying,’ but in psychology, not every act of disagreement or teasing counts. Bullying has three key traits: intent, repetition, and power imbalance. It’s not a one-time fight between equals, it’s a pattern of harm where one person keeps control over another. Signs to look for: sudden fear of school or certain people, withdrawal from social life, anxiety, physical complaints (like headaches or stomachaches), changes in sleep or eating, or a drop in academic performance. Online, it can look like isolation, deleting accounts, or fear of checking messages. Consequences: Victims may develop low self-esteem, depression, social anxiety, and even trauma symptoms. Bullies, too, are at risk, they often struggle later with empathy, relationships, and impulse control. And yes, online bullying is real. Digital aggression can include harassment, exclusion, spreading rumors, or even doxxing (leaking private information). Just because it happens on a screen doesn’t make...
When a student talks over others, blurts out answers, or constantly comments during instruction. Signs to Look For: Difficulty waiting their turn Disrupting class flow or peer responses Seeking attention or struggling with impulse control Quick Intervention Set clear, positive expectations: “Let’s hear one voice at a time.” Use non-verbal cues or gentle reminders Give structured opportunities to speak, like “wait cards” or designated turns Refer to Counselor Frequent interruptions may point to attention difficulties, anxiety, or unmet social needs. A counselor can support regulation strategies and help improve classroom behavior.